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Vol. 61. Issue 2.
Pages 131-136 (1 August 2004)
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Vol. 61. Issue 2.
Pages 131-136 (1 August 2004)
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Enfermedad de Graves: estado actual y revisión de 20 casos
Graves' disease in children: management and review of 20 patients
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10876
O. Rubio Cabezas
Corresponding author
prucab@terra.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 65. 28009 Madrid. España
, M.aT. Muñoz Calvo, J. Pozo Román, J. Argente Oliver
Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Madrid. España
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Introducción

El hipertiroidismo es poco frecuente en la infancia y aparece, en general, en el contexto de la enfermedad de Graves. La mejor forma de tratamiento continúa siendo objeto de debate

Pacientes y métodos

Se han revisado de forma retrospectiva las historias clínicas de 20 pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Graves entre 1989 y 2003. Se ha analizado la sintomatología clínica inicial, la función tiroidea, los marcadores de autoinmunidad tiroidea, las pruebas de imagen tiroideas, el tratamiento de primera elección, las complicaciones de la enfermedad o del tratamiento, la necesidad de recurrir a tratamientos alternativos, así como su efecto sobre el paciente

Resultados

La edad en el momento del diagnóstico osciló entre 5 y 16 años, con un predominio del sexo femenino (3:1). El síntoma más frecuente fue el nerviosismo (58 %). El signo más frecuente fue el bocio (79 %). El 90 % de los pacientes presentaron anticuerpos estimuladores del tiroides (TSI) al inicio de la enfermedad o durante la evolución. Todos los pacientes fueron inicialmente tratados con fármacos antitiroideos, pero la remisión de la enfermedad sólo se logró en 1 caso. En 3 casos hubo que recurrir a la tiroidectomía por falta de respuesta o aparición de complicaciones, y dos más recibieron radioyodo

Conclusión

Dado que la remisión de la enfermedad de Graves con el tratamiento médico es poco habitual, con frecuencia hay que recurrir a otro tipo de terapia (cirugía o radioyodo). Aunque los fármacos antitiroideos continúan siendo la primera opción terapéutica en nuestro medio, algunos autores abogan por el radioyodo como tratamiento de elección

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Graves
Hipertiroidismo
Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a rare condition among children and the most common cause is Graves' disease. The best therapy for these patients continues to be debated

Patients and methods

The medical records of 20 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism who were treated between 1989 and 2003 were reviewed. Clinical symptoms, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid imaging tests, first line therapy, disease or treatment-induced complications and the need for a secondary treatment option, as well as outcomes, were analyzed

Results

Age at diagnosis ranged from 5 to 16 years and there were more girls than boys (3:1). The most frequent symptom was hyperactivity (58 %). The most frequent sign was goiter (79 %). Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin antibodies were found in 90 % of the patients, at the beginning or during the course of the disease. All of the patients received antithyroid medication as first line therapy, but remission was achieved in just one patient. Surgical thyroidectomy was required in three patients, and two patients were treated with radioiodine

Conclusion

Because few children achieve remission with medical therapy, other types of treatment (surgery or radioiodine) are often required. Although antithyroid drugs are considered the first choice for treatment in Europe, some authors advocate radioiodine as the treatment of choice

Key words:
Graves
Hyperthyroidism
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