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Vol. 55. Issue 1.
Pages 5-10 (1 July 2001)
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Vol. 55. Issue 1.
Pages 5-10 (1 July 2001)
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El niño febril. Resultados de un estudio multicéntrico
The young febrile child. results of a multicenter survey
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C. Luaces Cubells
Corresponding author
cluaces@hsjdbcn.org

Correspondencia: Sección de Urgencias. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.P. Sant Joan de Déu, 2. Esplugas. 08950 Barcelona.
, C. Luaces Cubells
Corresponding author
cluaces@hsjdbcn.org

Correspondencia: Sección de Urgencias. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.P. Sant Joan de Déu, 2. Esplugas. 08950 Barcelona.
, Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Niño Febril. Sociedad Española de Urgencias de Pediatría
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Objetivos

Establecer el valor pronóstico de los parámetros clínicosy analíticos recogidos en un protocolo de estudio multicéntricosobre el niño febril (0 a 36 meses) visitado enservicios de urgencias hospitalarios. Conocer la etiologíacausante de infecciones bacterianas potencialmente gravesen nuestro medio en este grupo de pacientes.

Pacientes y métodos

Se llevó a cabo el estudio prospectivo de los niños de0 a 36 meses con fiebre mediante el cumplimiento de unprotocolo clínico y analítico que se aplicó a niños que acudierana los servicios de urgencias de los hospitales participantesy cumplieran los criterios de inclusión.

Resultados

Se recogieron un total de 937 casos de los cuales se excluyeron 43 por no haberse realizado un hemocultivo y 151 por no haberse practicado el obligado control hastaque quedaron afebriles o no tener un diagnóstico final. Por ello, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 743 pacientes.

La valoración clínica es fundamental para distinguir alos pacientes afectados de enfermedad bacteriana potencialmente grave. Entre los parámetros analíticos la leucocitosis(> 15.000 leucocitos), leucopenia (< 5.000 leucocitos)y la proteína C reactiva elevadas son los de mayorinterés. La infección del tracto urinario es, dentro de la enfermedad bacteriana potencialmente grave, la más frecuente.Neisseria meningitidis es el microorganismo aisladoen el mayor número de casos por el hemocultivo. Laincidencia de bacteriemia oculta es del 3% con predominio(74 %) de Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Conclusiones

La experiencia del pediatra apoyada en parámetros clínicosy analíticos son los argumentos más sólidos paradetectar niños febriles (0 a 36 meses) con enfermedad bacteriana potencialmente grave.

Palabras clave:
Fiebre
Niños
Infecciones bacterianas
Bacteriemia oculta
Objectives

To establish the value of clinical and laboratory parameters gathered from a national survey on the management of the young febrile child (0–36 months) in emergencydepartments and to determine the etiology of potentially serious bacterial infections in Spain in this group of patients.

Patients and methods

Prospective survey of febrile children aged less than36 months who presented to the emergency departmentsof the participant hospitals and who fulfilled the inclusioncriteria.

Results

A total of 937 cases were collected. Of these, 43 were excluded because of absence of blood culture and 151 because the patients had not undergone obligatory monitoring until they became afebrile or had no final diagnosis. Consequently,the sample size consisted of 743 patients. Clinical assessment was very important to detect patients with potentially serious bacterial disease. Among the laboratory parameters, a white blood cell count above 15,000/ml or below 5,000/ml and elevated Creactive protein levels were the most useful. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent invasive disease. Neisseria meningitidis was themost frequent microorganism isolated in the blood culture.The incidence of occult bacteremia was 3% with predominance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (74 %).

Conclusions

The experience of the pediatrician supported by clinicaland laboratory parameters are the most effective means of detecting febrile children (0–36 months) with potentially serious bacterial disease.

Key words:
Fever
Children
Bacterial infections
Occult bacteremia
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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