Journal Information
Vol. 58. Issue 2.
Pages 106-114 (1 February 2003)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 58. Issue 2.
Pages 106-114 (1 February 2003)
Full text access
Efecto del óxido nítrico, la postura en prono y la administración de surfactante en niños con enfermedad pulmonar hipoxémica
Effects of prone position, inhaled nitric oxide and surfactant in children with hypoxemic pulmonary disease
Visits
9014
J. López-Herce Cid
Corresponding author
pielvi@eresmas.net

Correspondencia: Arzobispo Morcillo, 52, 9.º C. 28029 Madrid. España
, E. García Sánchez, C. García Sanz, M. Rupérez Lucas, A. Alcaraz Romero, A. Carrillo Álvarez
Sección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
This item has received
Article information
objetivo

Analizar la respuesta al tratamiento con la postura enprono, el óxido nítrico (NO) y la administración de surfactante en niños con enfermedad pulmonar hipoxémica.

Pacientes y método

Se realizó un análisis del efecto de la postura en prono,el NO y el surfactante en niños críticamente enfermos con enfermedad pulmonar e hipoxemia refractaria al tratamiento convencional. Se estudiaron la presión arterial deoxígeno (PaO2), saturación de hemoglobina, relación PaO2/FiO2, índice de oxigenación (IO), y presión parcialarterial de anhídrico carbónico (PaCO2), antes y tras la administraciónde cada uno de los tratamientos, así como laevolución clínica posterior. Se consideró una respuestapositiva cuando la relación PaO2/FiO2 aumentó másdel 20%

Resultados

Se estudiaron 90 tratamientos en 56 pacientes: 55 pacientes recibieron NO, 18 postura en prono y 17 surfactante.Los 3 tratamientos produjeron una mejoría significativa en la oxigenación. La relación PaO2/FiO2 experimentóun incremento medio del 35 % con el NO, el33 % con el prono, y el 50 % con el surfactante. El descensomedio del IO fue del 22 % con el NO, el 24 % con el prono,y el 17 % con el surfactante. Se consideraron respondedoresel 71 % de los tratados con NO, el 61 % de lostratados con prono y el 64 % de los que recibieron surfactante.La PaCO2 disminuyó ligeramente con los 3 tratamientos (disminución media, 2,5 mmHg con el NO;4,7 mmHg con el prono, y 5,1 mmHg con el surfactante)

Conclusiones

La posición en prono, el NO y el surfactante mejoran laoxigenación en algunos niños con enfermedad pulmonar hipoxémica

Palabras clave:
Óxido nítrico
Surfactante
Postura en prono
Síndromede dificultad respiratoria aguda
Cuidados intensivos
Niños críticamente enfermos
objective

To analyze the therapeutic response to prone position,inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and surfactant in children with hypoxemic pulmonary disease.

Patients and method

We studied the effect of prone position, NO, and surfactantin critically ill children with acute hypoxemic pulmonary disease unresponsive to conventional therapy. We analyzed PaO2, SatO2, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, oxygenation index and PaCO2 before and after each treatment, as well as the subsequent clinical course. An increase of more than 20 % in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was considered a positive response

Results

Ninety treatments were administered in 56 patients:55 patients were treated with NO, 18 with prone positionand 17 with surfactant. All three treatments substantially improved oxygenation. The mean increase in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 35 % with nitric oxide, 33 % with prone position and 50 % with surfactant. The mean decrease in oxygenation index was 22 % with nitric oxide, 24 % with prone position and 17% with surfactant. Seventy-one percent of patients treated with NO, 61 % of patients treated with prone position, and 64 % of patients who received surfactant were responders. The three treatments produced a slight decrease in PaCO2 (2.5 mmHg with nitric oxide, 4.7 mmHg with prone position and 5.1 mmHg with surfactant).

Conclusions

Inhaled NO, prone position and surfactant improve oxygenationin some children with hypoxic pulmonary disease

Key words:
Prone position
Nitric oxide
Surfactant
Acute respiratorydistress syndrome
Intensive care
Critically ill children
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
L.B. Ware, M.A. Matthay.
The acute respiratory distress syndrome.
N Engl J Med, 342 (2000), pp. 1334-1349
[2.]
R. Martino Alba, J. Pfenninger, D.C. Bachmann, C. Minder, B. Wagner.
Cambios en la epidemiología del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en niños.
An Esp Pediatr, 50 (1999), pp. 566-570
[3.]
L.M. Bigatello, N. Patroniti, F. Sangalli.
Permisive hypercapnia.
Curr Opin Crit Care Med, 7 (2001), pp. 34-40
[4.]
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
N Engl J Med, 342 (2000), pp. 1301-1308
[5.]
P.C. Rimensberger, P.N. Cox, H. Frndova, A.C. Bryan.
The open lung small tidal volume ventilation: Concept recruitment and optimal positive end expiratory pressure.
Crit Care Med, 27 (2001), pp. 1946-1952
[6.]
J.H. Arnold.
High frequency ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Pediatr Crit Care Med, 1 (2000), pp. 93-99
[7.]
R.B. Hircschl, M. Croce, D. Gore, H. Wiedemann, K. Davis, R. Zwischenberg.
Prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study of partial liquid ventilation in adult acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 165 (2002), pp. 781-787
[8.]
J.F. Lewis, A.H. Jobe.
Surfactant and the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 147 (1993), pp. 218-233
[9.]
L.A. Creuwels, L.M. Van Golde, H.P. Haagsman.
The pulmonary surfactant system: Biochemical and clinical aspects.
Lung, 175 (1997), pp. 1-39
[10.]
T.J. Gregory, K.P. Steinberg, R.G. Spragg, J.E. Gadek, T.M. Hyers, W.J. Longmore.
Bovine surfactant therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155 (1997), pp. 1309-1315
[11.]
J. López-Herce, A. Carrillo, A. Alcaraz.
Óxido nítrico: alteraciones en patología humana y utilidad terapéutica en el tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar en la infancia.
An Esp Pediatr, 41 (1994), pp. 293-308
[12.]
J.R. Klinger.
Inhaled nitric oxide in ARDS.
Crit Care Clin, 18 (2002), pp. 45-68
[13.]
L. Gattinoni, A. Presenti, A. Torresin.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome profiles by computed tomography.
J Thorac Imaging, 1 (1986), pp. 25-30
[14.]
P. Jolliet, P. Bulpa, J.C. Chevrolet.
Effects of the prone position on gas exchange an hemodynamics in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Crit Care Med, 26 (1998), pp. 1977-1985
[15.]
A. Anzueto, R.P. Baughman, K.K. Guntupalli, J.G. Weg, H.P. Wiedeman, A. Artigas.
For the Exosurf Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Sepsis Study Group.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 1417-1421
[16.]
J. Sockol, S.E. Jacobs, D. Bohn.
Inhaled nitric oxide for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children and adults.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4 (2000), pp. 002787
[17.]
S. Lundin, H. Mang, M. Smithies, O. Stenquist, C. Frostell.
Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: Results of a European multicentre study. The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide.
Intensive Care Med, 25 (1999), pp. 911-919
[18.]
L. Gattinoni, G. Tognoni, A. Pesenti, P. Taccone, D. Mascheroni, V. Labarta.
Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure.
N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), pp. 568-573
[19.]
D.F. Willson, A. Zaritsky, L.A. Bauman, K. Dockery, R.L. James, D. Conrad.
Instillation of calfs lung surfactant extract (Infasurf) is beneficial in pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Crit Care Med, 27 (1999), pp. 188-195
[20.]
J. Lopez-Herce, N. De Lucas, A. Carrillo, A. Bustinza, R. Moral.
Surfactant treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Arch Dis Child, 80 (1999), pp. 248-252
[21.]
R.W. Day, M. Guarin, J.M. Lynch, D.D. Vernon, J.M. Dean.
Inhaled nitric oxide in children with severe lung disease: Results of acute and prolonged therapy with two concentrations.
Crit Care Med, 24 (1996), pp. 215-221
[22.]
J. López-Herce, E. Cueto, A. Carrillo, P. Vázquez, A. Bustinza, R. Moral.
Respuesta aguda a la administración de óxido nítrico en niños.
An Esp Pediatr, 46 (1997), pp. 581-586
[23.]
M.A. Curley, J.E. Thompson, J.H. Arnold.
The effects of early and repeated prone positioning in pediatric patients with acute lung injury.
Chest, 118 (2000), pp. 156-163
[24.]
G.R. Bernard, A. Artigas, K.L. Brigham, J. Carlet, K. Falke, L. Hudson.
The Consensus Committee. Report of the American- European consensus conference on ARDS: Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination.
Intensive Care Med, 20 (1994), pp. 225-232
[25.]
A. Lopez, B. Bernardo, J. Lopez-Herce, A.I. Cristina, A. Carrillo.
Methaemoglobinaemia secondary to treatment with trimethroprim and sulphametoxazole associated with inhaled nitric oxide.
Acta Paediatr, 88 (1999), pp. 915-918
[26.]
R.H. Clark, Th.J. Kueser, M.W. Walker, W.M. Southgate, J.L. Huckaby, J.A. Perez.
Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
N Engl J Med, 342 (2000), pp. 469-474
[27.]
R. Rossaint, K.J. Falke, F. Lopez, K. Slama, U. Pison, W.M. Zapol.
Inhaled nitric oxide for the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
N Engl J Med, 328 (1993), pp. 399-405
[28.]
T. Gillart, J.E. Bazin, B. Cosserant, D. Guelon, L. Aigouy, O. Mansoor.
Combined nitric oxide inhalation, prone positioning and almitrine infusion improve oxygenation in severe ARDS.
Can J Anaesth, 45 (1998), pp. 402-409
[29.]
M.D. Varkul, T.E. Stewart, S.E. Lapinsky, N.D. Ferguson, S. Mehta.
Successful use of combined high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, and prone positioning in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Anesthesiology, 95 (2001), pp. 797-799
[30.]
E. Cueto, J. Lopez-Herce, A. Sanchez, A. Carrillo.
Life-Threatening effects of discontinuing inhaled nitric oxide in children.
Acta Paediatr, 86 (1997), pp. 1337-1339
[31.]
W.M. Zapol.
Nitric oxide inhalation in acute respiratory distress syndrome: It works, but can we prove itα.
Crit Care Med, 26 (1998), pp. 2-3
[32.]
Collaborative European Multicenter Study Group Surfactant Replacement therapy for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: An international randomized clinical trial.
Pediatrics, 82 (1988), pp. 683-691
[33.]
J.D. Horbar, L.L. Wright, R.F. Soll, E.C. Wright, A.A. Fanaroff, S.B. Korones.
A multicenter randomized trial comparing two surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
J Pediatr, 123 (1993), pp. 757-766
[34.]
M.A. Piehl, R.S. Brown.
Use of extreme position changes in acute respiratory failure.
Crit Care Med, 4 (1976), pp. 13-14
[35.]
N.S. Ward.
Effects of prone position ventilation in ARDS: An evidence- based review of the literature.
Crit Care Clin, 18 (2002), pp. 35-44
[36.]
P. Pelosi, D. Tubiolo, D. Mascheroni, P. Vicardi, S. Crotti, F. Valenza.
Effects of the prone position on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange during acute lung injury.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157 (1998), pp. 387-393
[37.]
D. Pappert, R. Rossaint, K. Slama, T. Grunning, K.J. Falke.
Influence of positioning on ventilation-perfusion relationships in severe adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Chest, 106 (1994), pp. 1511-1516
[38.]
I.A. Murdoch, M.O. Storman.
Improved arterial oxygenation in children with adult respiratory distress syndrome: The prone position.
Acta Paediatr, 83 (1994), pp. 1043-1046
[39.]
A. Broccard, R.S. Shapiro, L.L. Schmitz, A.B. Adams, A. Nahum, J.J. Marini.
Prone positioning attenuates and redistributes ventilator- induced lung injury in dogs.
Crit Care Med, 28 (2000), pp. 295-303
[40.]
J. López-Herce, A. Sánchez, A. Carrillo, L. Sancho, C. Seriñá, P. Cuesta.
Tratamiento con óxido nítrico en niños: evolución clínica, toxicidad y factores que influyen en la respuesta.
An Esp Pediatr, 46 (1997), pp. 542-548
Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Download PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?