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Vol. 59. Issue 3.
Pages 234-238 (1 September 2003)
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Vol. 59. Issue 3.
Pages 234-238 (1 September 2003)
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Dolor torácico en urgencias de pediatría: un proceso habitualmente benigno
Chest Pain In Pediatric Emergency Departments: A Usually Benign Process
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12281
M. Gastesi Larrañaga, A. Fernández Landaluce, S. Mintegi Raso
Corresponding author
smintegui@hcru.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Urgencias de Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Pl. de Cruces, s/n. 48930 Cruces. Bilbao. Vizcaya. España
, M. Vázquez Ronco, J. Benito Fernández
Urgencias de Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Bilbao. Vizcaya. España
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Objetivo

Describir las características y el manejo de los pacientes menores de 14 años que acuden a urgencias de pediatría por dolor torácico

Pacientes y método

Estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes que consultaron del 15-01-2001 al 14-01-2002 por dolor torácico en el servicio de urgencias. Posteriormente, se contactó telefónicamente para conocer la evolución del proceso. El método estadístico utilizado fue el test de la U de Mann- Withney para los datos no paramétricos y la χ2 con la corrección de Yates y la prueba exacta de Fisher para los datos categóricos. El nivel de significación estadística escogido fue p < 0,05

Resultados

Durante el año 2001 acudieron 161 niños por dolor torácico (0,34 % del total de consultas). Menos de la mitad (48 %) tenía síntomas asociados. La exploración física fue anormal en 63 (39,1 %). El hallazgo más frecuente fue el dolor a la palpación torácica. Se realizó alguna prueba complementaria en 129 pacientes (80,1 %): 116 radiografías, siete de las cuales estaban alteradas; en 62 electrocardiogramas, y en nueve, otras. Sólo ingresó un niño por neumonía. Los diagnósticos principales fueron: dolor torácico inespecífico (139 incluye idiopático y/o osteomuscular), de origen respiratorio (11), digestivo (1), cardíaco (1) y otros (9). Los niños con síntomas asociados tuvieron mayor probabilidad de tener un diagnóstico diferente al dolor torácico inespecífico (28 % frente a 3,2 % en los niños sin otros síntomas; riesgo relativo [RR], 8,66). En 105 casos (65,2 %) se pautó tratamiento domiciliario, fundamentalmente analgésicos. Volvieron a consultar 2 pacientes (1,2 %), sin encontrarse hallazgos de importancia. Se contactó telefónicamente con 117 (72,6 %). En 52 casos (32,2 %) el dolor duró menos de 24 h. El 30 % de los niños faltó al menos un día al colegio

Comentarios

El dolor torácico es un motivo de consulta infrecuente en nuestro medio y, sin otra sintomatología asociada, generalmente no corresponde a enfermedad grave. La decisión de realizar exploraciones complementarias debe individualizarse

Palabras clave:
Dolor torácico
Niños
Urgencias de pediatría
Objectives

To describe the characteristics and management of the children aged less than 14 years presenting to the pediatric emergency department with chest pain

Patients and method

Retrospective review of all the patients who presented to the pediatric emergency department with chest pain from 15 January 2001 to 14 January 2002. Families received a follow-up telephone call inquiring about the patient's outcome. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-parametric data and the Chi-square test with Yates' correction and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05

Results

In 2001, 161 children presented with chest pain, representing 0.34 % of the total number of consultations. Less than half of these patients (48 %) had associated symptoms. Physical examination revealed abnormalities in 63 % of the patients (39.1 %). The most common finding was pain on palpation of the chest wall. Additional diagnostic tests were performed in 129 patients (80 %). These included 116 radiographs, 62 electrocardiograms and nine miscellaneous tests. Abnormalities were found in seven chest radiographs. Only one child was admitted to hospital with pneumonia. The most common discharge diagnoses were idiopathic and/or musculoskeletal chest pain in 139 patients, pain of respiratory origin in 14 patients, gastrointestinal disorders in one patient, cardiac problems in one patient and other morbid processes in nine patients. Children with associated symptoms were more likely to receive a diagnosis other than nonspecific chest pain (28 % vs 3.2 % in children without other symptoms; relative risk: 8.66). Outpatient treatment included analgesics in 105 patients (65.2 %). Only two children (1.2%) returned for reevaluation and no important findings were detected. Telephone follow-up was carried out in 117 children (72.6 %). The pain lasted for less than 24 hours in 52 patients (32.2 %). Thirty percent of the patients missed at least one day of school because of chest pain

Conclusions

Chest pain is an infrequent chief complaint in our setting and, in the absence of associated symptoms, is not generally associated with serious disorders. The decision to use complementary diagnostic tests should be individualized to each patient

Key words:
Chest pain
Children
Pediatric emergency department
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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