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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 168-170 (1 February 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 168-170 (1 February 2002)
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Dificultades en el diagnóstico de la linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica familiar
Difficulties in the diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
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I. Astigarraga Aguirrea,b,
Corresponding author
iastigarraga@hcru.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica. Hospital de Cruces. 48903 Baracaldo. Vizcaya.
, A. Navajas Gutiérreza,b, A. Fernández-Teijeiro Álvareza,b, J. Latorre Garcíab, L. Aldamiz-Echevarria Azuarab
a Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica
b Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
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La linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica familiar es una enfermedad caracterizada por proliferación y activación no maligna de histiocitos y linfocitos T en el sistema reticuloendotelial. Los criterios para su diagnóstico incluyen fiebre, esplenomegalia, citopenias, hipertrigliceridemia o hipofibrinogenemia e histología con hemofagocitosis en medula ósea, bazo o ganglios linfáticos. El diagnóstico es difícil en muchos casos debido a la ausencia de algún criterio e incluso de hemofagocitosis, heterogeneidad clínica, posibilidad de regresión espontánea, frecuente antecedente infeccioso, así como la falta de un marcador específico de la enfermedad. Ante una fuerte sospecha diagnóstica, el tratamiento inmunosupresor y quimioterapia debe iniciarse precozmente para alcanzar la curación definitiva con posterior trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 2 meses, con 2 familiares fallecidos por fallo hepático fulminante de etiología desconocida que presentó fiebre, anemia, plaquetopenia, hepatosplenomegalia, hiperferritinemia, hipertrigliceridemia y alteración hepática sin hemofagocitosis clara en medula ósea, regresó espontáneamente pero sufrió reactivación a las 3 semanas y falleció tras biopsia esplénica.

Palabras clave:
Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica
Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica familiar
Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica primaria
Histiocitosis II

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is characterized by proliferation and non-malignant activation of histiocytes and T lymphocytes in the reticuloendothelial system. Diagnostic guidelines include fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia with hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, spleen or lymph nodes. In many patients diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of diagnostic criteria, hemophagocytosis, variability of clinical presentation, spontaneous improvement and the absence of a specific marker of the disease. When there is strong clinical suspicion of FHL, chemotherapy and immunosuppressor treatment should be started early to achieve complete cure and should be followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We present the case of a 2-month-old girl who presented fever, anemia and thrombocytopenia, enlarged liver and spleen, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertransaminasemia without the finding of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. Two of the girl’s relatives had died of fulminant hepatic failure of unknown etiology. The patient improved spontaneously but presented reactivation of the disease 3 weeks later and died after splenic biopsy.

Key words:
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Histiocytosis
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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