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Vol. 52. Issue 6.
Pages 530-536 (1 June 2000)
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Vol. 52. Issue 6.
Pages 530-536 (1 June 2000)
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Desarrollo intelectual en el segundo año de vida en niños sanos lactados de forma natural frente a los lactados artificialmente
Intellectual development in the second year of life in healthy breast-fed children vs. formula-fed children
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M. Santiago Burruchagaa, J.I. Ruiz Sanzb, J.I. Pijoan Zubizarretac, J. Benito Fernándezb, P. Sanjurjo Crespob,*
a Equipo de Atención Primaria Miraballes-Ugao. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
b Unidad de Metabolismo Infantil. Departamento de Pediatría Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
c Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
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Fundamento

El papel que desempeña la leche materna, en especial los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga n-3, en el desarrollo intelectual del niño sano a término sigue suscitando polémica en la actualidad

Pacientes y métodos

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y ciego con 39 niños sanos a término pertenecientes a familias de nivel sociocultural homogéneo. Se dividieron de forma no aleatorizada en dos grupos alimentados con leche materna o leche infantil convencional. A los 7 y 60 días se midieron las concentraciones de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en fosfolípidos de membrana de los hematíes en 12 niños con lactancia natural y 6 niños con lactancia artificial. Al final del segundo año se evaluó el desarrollo intelectual del total de niños mediante el test de Bayley

Resultados

La concentración de ácido docosahexaenoico en los fosfolípidos fosfatidilcolina y fosfatidiletanolamina de la membrana del hematíe fue significativamente inferior en el grupo de niños con lactancia artificial. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el desarrollo intelectual entre los grupos. Se halló una asociación significativa entre el índice de desarrollo mental y las variables perímetro cefálico del niño y grado de educación materno

Conclusiones

El tipo de lactancia recibida y, como consecuencia, las diferencias en el perfil de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en la membrana del hematíe, no se han relacionado con el desarrollo intelectual alcanzado al segundo año de vida. Sin embargo, el perímetro cefálico del niño y la educación y trabajo materno sí han resultado relevantes

Palabras clave:
Lactancia materna
Ácido docosahexaenoico
Lactancia artificial
Desarrollo intelectual temprano
Background

The role of breast milk with regard to W3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and infant intellectual development remains controversial

Patients and methods

Thirty-nine children born at term and from homogeneous sociocultural status were enrolled in a blind-prospective trial. Children were divided in two non-randomized groups: a breast-fed group and a standard formula-fed group. Red blood cell phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed at 7 and 60 days of life. Cognitive development was evaluated at the end of the second year of life through Bailey's test

Results

Concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid were significantly lower in the formula-fed group. No statistically significant differences between groups were found in cognitive function. Brain development index was significantly correlated with infant head circumference and educational status of the mother

Conclusions

Maternal nutrition provides higher red blood cell do-cosahexaenoic acid, but is not related to a higher developmental quotient at the age of 2 years. However, infant head circumference and maternal educational status were correlated with developmental cognition

Palabras clave:
Breast-fed infants
Docosahexaenoic acid
Formula-fed infants
Early cognitive development
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