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Vol. 56. Issue 5.
Pages 409-415 (1 May 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 5.
Pages 409-415 (1 May 2002)
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Concentración plasmática de homocisteína: relación con los niveles plasmáticos de ácido fólico y con el polimorfismo 677C → T de la 5,10-metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa
Total plasma homocysteine levels. relationship with plasmatic folic acid levels and 677C → T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
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J. Dalmau Serraa,
Corresponding author
jdalmaus@ono.com

Correspondencia: Unidad de Nutrición y Metabolopatías. Hospital Infantil La Fe. Avda. Campanar, 21. 46009 Valencia.
, B. Ferrer Lorenteb, V. Modesto Alapontc, M. Guillén Domínguezd, R. Vázquez Gomisa, D. Corella Piquerd, M.aL. Cabello Tomáse, A.M.a García Gómeze
a Unidad de Nutrición y Metabolopatías. Hospital Infantil La Fe.
b Centro de Atención Primaria de Alaquás.
c Unidad de Reanimación Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil La Fe.
d Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Valencia.
e Laboratorio de Metabolopatías. Departamento de Biopatología Clínica. Hospital Infantil La Fe. Valencia
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Antecedentes

El aumento moderado de la homocisteína plasmática en niños se ha relacionado con infartos cerebrales y trombosis venosas y con los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad coronaria prematura (ECP). La determinación de homocisteína en la infancia y el estudio de los factores que determinan su concentración podría ser importante para la prevención primaria de la ECP.

Objetivo

Detectar algún caso de hiperhomocistinemia y valorar su relación con la concentración plasmática de ácido fólico y el polimorfismo 677C → T de la 5,10-metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR).

Métodos

Se ha estudiado mediante la regresión lineal múltiple la relación entre la concentración plasmática de homocisteína, la del ácido fólico y los tres genotipos de la mutación 677C → T de la MTHFR en 127 niños de entre 2 y 18 años y 105 de sus progenitores.

Resultados

La concentración de homocisteína (mediana) fue de 5,00 y 8,00 µmol/l en los niños y sus progenitores, respectivamente. Los valores plasmáticos de ácido fólico se encontraban todos en el rango de la normalidad. La prevalencia de los tres genotipos en los niños fue de 32,3% para el genotipo CC, 42,5% para el CT y 15,7% para el TT. La concentración de homocisteína era significativamente mayor con el genotipo TT (p = 0,018). En la regresión lineal múltiple se encontró un efecto directo positivo de la edad (b = 0,029; p = 0,001) y negativo del genotipo TT (b = -3,886; p = 0,002) sobre la concentración de homocisteína. El coeficiente de regresión de la concentración de ácido fólico aunque de signo negativo, no alcanzó significación estadística.

Conclusiones

No se ha encontrado ningún caso de hiperhomocistinemia. Al valorar la homocisteína hay que tener en cuenta la edad y en caso de existir la mutación 677C → T, los valores plasmáticos de ácido fólico. Sería conveniente determinar la homocisteína en los niños de mayor edad con antecedentes familiares de aterotrombosis y con otros factores de riesgo para la ECP.

Palabras clave:
Homocisteína
Ácido fólico
Metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa
Background

Moderately increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) in children has been associated with stroke and venous thrombosis and with a parental history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evaluation of Hcy concentrations during childhood and study of the factors determining its concentrations could play an important role in the primary prevention of CVD.

Objective

To detect cases of hyperhomocystinemia and to examine the association between Hcy levels and plasma folic acid levels and 677C → T polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).

Methods

The relationship between plasma Hcy levels, plasma folic acid levels, and the three genotypes of 677C → T MTHFR polymorphism was investigated in 127 children (aged 2–18 years) and in 105 parents by multiple linear regression.

Results

The median Hcy levels were 5.00 µmol/l in the children and 8.00 µmol/l in the parents. Plasma folic acid levels were normal in all of the patients. The prevalence of the three genotypes in the children was 32.3% for the CC genotype, 42.5% for the CT genotype and 15.7% for the TT genotype. Hcy concentrations were significantly higher in children with the TT genotype (p = 0.018). Multiple linear regression revealed a positive direct effect of age (b = 0.029, p = 0.002) and a negative effect of genotype TT (b = 3.886, p = 0.002) on Hcy concentration. Hcy concentration was inversely correlated with folic acid levels but this correlation did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

No cases of hyperhomocystinemia were found. To evaluate Hcy, age and plasma folic acid levels have to be taken into account in case there is a 677C → T mutation. Hcy concentrations should be determined in older children with a family history of atherothrombosis and other risk factors for premature CVD.

Keywords:
Homocysteine
Folic acid
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
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