Journal Information
Vol. 55. Issue 5.
Pages 406-412 (1 November 2001)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 55. Issue 5.
Pages 406-412 (1 November 2001)
Full text access
Características psicosociales de los niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Psychosocial characteristics of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Visits
17330
M.aJ. Martínez Chamorroaa, I. Lastra Martínezb,
Corresponding author
dmedica@mennisant.com

Correspondencia: Centro Hospitalario Padre Menni. Avda. de Cantabria, 52. 39012 Santander.
, C. Luzuriaga Tomásc
a Equipo de Atención Primaria Herrera del Duque Badajoz.
b Centro Hospitalario Padre Menni. Santander.
c Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander.
This item has received
Article information
Objetivos

Conocer los patrones de ajuste psicosocial de niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 comparados con niños sanos a través de escalas estandarizadas.

Material y métodos

Se compararon 81 niños y adolescentes (8-18 años) procedentes de una consulta externa de endocrinología pediátrica con un grupo control escogido aleatoriamente (n 5 162) apareado por sexo, edad y nivel de escolarización. Se obtuvo información acerca de variables clínicas, sociofamiliares, de autoimagen/autoestima, estado y cambio de salud, así como un cribado de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Además, se evaluaron los síntomas depresivos, ansiosos, conductuales y de adaptación psicosocial.

Resultados

Entre los sujetos con diabetes, existe una peor autoimagen/ autoestima, lo que se relaciona con el hecho de sufrir la enfermedad. No existieron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la percepción del estado de salud y de su cambio, así como en la sintomatología ansiosa entre casos y controles. Las diferencias encontradas en el nivel de sintomatología depresiva o en escalas de inadaptación personal, social y escolar no se relacionaban con el hecho de sufrir la enfermedad. No se encontraron alteraciones conductuales significativas en el grupo de casos.

Conclusiones

Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes muestran un ajuste psicosocial adecuado y no presentan mayores grados de ansiedad o depresión por sufrir la enfermedad, aunque sí una peor autoestima.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes
Ansiedad
Depresión
Trastornos de la alimentación
Ajuste social
Autoconcepto
Comportamiento
Objectives

To determine the psychological and social adjustment patterns of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes compared with those of a control sample through standardized tests.

Material and methods

We compared a sample of 81 children and adolescents, aged 8-18 years, from a pediatric outpatient endocrinology unit with a randomized control group (n 5 162), paired by sex, age and school year. Information on clinical, social and family variables, self-image and self-esteem, health and expectations of change in health status, as well as screening for eating disorders, was collected. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, behavior, and psychosocial adjustment were also evaluated.

Results

Children and adolescents with diabetes showed lower self-esteem and poorer self-image than controls. No statistical differences were found in health status and expectations of change or in anxiety symptoms between cases and controls. Differences in depressive symptoms or in personal, social and scholastic adjustment showed no relationship with diabetic status. No significant behavioral disorders were found among the cases.

Conclusions

Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes show appropriate psychosocial adjustment and do not present higher levels of anxiety and depression than healthy controls. They do, however, show lower self-esteem.

Key words:
Diabetes
Anxiety
Depression
Eating disorders
Social adjustment
Self-concept
Behavior
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M. Wake, K. Hesketh, F. Cameron.
The Child Health Questionnaire in children with diabetes: cross-sectional survey of parent and adolescent-reported functional health status.
Diabet Med, 17 (2000), pp. 700-707
[2.]
American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Children with Disabilities and Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health.
Pediatrics, 92 (1993), pp. 876-878
[3.]
M. Kovacs, S. Iyengar, D. Goldston, J. Stewart, D.S. Obrosky, J. Marsh.
Psychological functioning of children with insulindependent diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study.
J Pediatr Psychol, 15 (1990), pp. 619-632
[4.]
M. Kovacs, D. Goldston, D.S. Obrosky, L.K. Bonar.
Psychiatric disorders in youths with IDDM: Rates and risk factors.
Diabetes Care, 20 (1997), pp. 36-44
[5.]
B.J. Blanz, B.S. Rensch-Riemann, D.I. Fritz-Sigmund, M.H. Schmidt.
IDDM is a risk factor for adolescent psychiatric disorders.
Diabetes Care, 16 (1993), pp. 1579-1587
[6.]
J.A. Gavard, P.J. Lustman, R.A. Clouse.
Prevalence of depression in adults with diabetes: an epidemiologic evaluation.
Diabetes Care, 16 (1993), pp. 1167-1178
[7.]
J.M. Steel, R.J. Young, G.G. Lloyd, C.C.A. Macintyre.
Abnormal eating attitudes in young insulin-dependent diabetics.
Br J Psychiatry, 155 (1989), pp. 515-521
[8.]
G.M. Rodin, D. Daneman.
Eating disorders and IDDM: a problematic association.
Diabetes Care, 15 (1992), pp. 1402-1412
[9.]
L.S. Meldman.
Diabetes as experienced by adolescents.
Adolescence, 22 (1987), pp. 433-444
[10.]
European IDDM Policy Group 1993. Consensus Guidelines for the management of insulin-dependent (type I) Diabetes. Bussum Medicom Europe, 1993
[11.]
Meditor, (1992),
[12.]
J. Alonso, L. Prieto, J.M. Antó.
La versión española del SF-36 Health Survey (Cuestionario de Salud SF-36): un instrumento para la medida de los resultados clínicos.
Med Clin (Barc), 104 (1995), pp. 771-776
[13.]
V. Conde, E. Useros.
El inventario para la medida de la depresión de Beck.
Rev Psiq Psicol Méd Eur Am Latina, 12 (1974), pp. 153-167
[14.]
J. Rodríguez Sacristán, D. Cardoze, J. Rodríguez, M.L. Gómez-Añón, P. Benjumea, J. Pérez-Ríos.
Sistemas objetivos de medida: Experiencias con el inventario español de depresiones infantiles (CEDI) Modificado de Kovacs y Beck.
Rev Neuropsiquiatría Infantil, 2 (1984), pp. 65-74
[15.]
C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, R.E. Lushene.
TEA, (1988),
[16.]
C.D. Spielberger, C.D. Edwards, R.E. Lushene, J. Montuori, D. Platzek.
TEA, (1990),
[17.]
P. Hernández.
TEA, (1996),
[18.]
E. Sardinero, J.L. Pedreira, J. Muñiz.
El cuestionario CBCL de Achenbach: Adaptación española y aplicaciones clínico-epidemiológicas.
Clínica y Salud, 8 (1997), pp. 447-480
[19.]
SPSS Inc. SPSS for windows. Release 7.0. Chicago, 1995
[20.]
College Station, (1995),
[21.]
M.P. Golden, A.J. Herrold, D.P. Orr.
An approach to prevention of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric population.
J Pediatr, 107 (1985), pp. 195-200
[22.]
R. Lipton, G. Good, T. Mikhailov, S. Freels, E. Donoghue.
Ethnic differences in mortality from insulin-dependent diabetes melli-tus among people less than 25 years of age.
Pediatrics, 103 (1999), pp. 952-956
[23.]
G. Vila, J.J. Robert, M.C. Moren-Siméoni.
Troubles des conduites alimentaires et diabète insulino-dépendant: une question d'actualité.
Ann Med Psychol, 152 (1994), pp. 577-588
[24.]
J. Jones, D. Daneman, M. Olmsted, G. Rodin.
Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: Cross-sectional study.
Br Med J, 320 (2000), pp. 1563-1566
[25.]
G. Vila, J.J. Robert, C. Nollet-Clemençon, L. Vera, H. Crosnier, G. Rault, et al.
Eating and emotional disorders in adolescent obese girls with insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 4 (1995), pp. 1-9
[26.]
L.J. Meltzer, S. Bennett, J.M. Prine, R.A. Banks, P.M. Desrosiers, J.H. Silverstein.
Disordered eating, body mass, and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 24 (2000), pp. 678-682
[27.]
R.H. Striegel-Moore, T.J. Nicholson, W.V. Tamborlane.
Prevalence of eating disorders symptoms in preadolescent and adolescent girls with IDDM.
Diabetes Care, 15 (1992), pp. 1361-1368
[28.]
H. Close, A. Davies, D.A. Price, M.I. Goodyear.
Emotional difficulties in diabetes mellitus.
Arch Dis Child, 61 (1986), pp. 337-340
[29.]
W.M. Seigel, N.H. Golden, J.W. Gough, M.S. Lashley, M.I. Sacker.
Depression, self-esteem, and life-events in adolescents with chronic diseases.
J Adolesc Health Care, 11 (1990), pp. 501-504
[30.]
Engström I. Mental health and psychological functioning in children and adolescents with infammatory bowel disease: a comparison with children having other chronic illnesses and with healthy children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1992; 563-582
[31.]
P. Hoare, H. Mann.
Self-esteem and behavioural adjustment in children with epilepsy and children with diabetes.
J Psychosom Research, 8 (1994), pp. 859-869
[32.]
L. Zeltzer, J. Kellerman, L. Ellenberg, J. Dash, D. Rigaler.
Psychological effects of illness in adolescence. II. Impact of illness in adolescents-crucial issues and coping styles.
J Pediatr, 97 (1980), pp. 132-138
[33.]
M. Kovacs, D. Brent, T.F. Steinberg, S. Paulauskas, J. Reid.
Children's self-reports of psychologic adjustment and coping strategies during the first year of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Care, 9 (1986), pp. 471-479
[34.]
M. Grey, M.E. Cameron, T.H. Lipman, F.W. Thurber.
Psychosocial status of children with diabetes in the first two years after diagnosis.
Diabetes Care, 18 (1995), pp. 1330-1336
[35.]
M. Grey, E.A. Boland, C. Yu, S. Sullivan-Bolyai, W.V. Tamborlane.
Personal and family factors associated with quality of life in adolescents with diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 21 (1998), pp. 909-914
[36.]
E.R. McAnarney, I.B. Pless, B. Satterwhite, S.B. Friedman.
Psychological problems of children with chronic juvenile arthritis.
Pediatrics, 53 (1974), pp. 523-528
[37.]
S.L. Kaplan, P. Grossman, B. Landa, I.R. Shenker, C. Weinhold.
Depressive symptoms and life events in physically ill hospitalized adolescents.
J Adolesc Health Care, 7 (1986), pp. 107-111
[38.]
J.V. Lavigne, H.S. Traisman, T.J. Marr, I.J. Chasnoff.
Parental perceptions of the psychological adjustment of children with diabetes and their siblings.
Diabetes Care, 5 (1982), pp. 420-426
[39.]
L. Pelletier, L. Lepage.
L’ajustement psychosocial à l’asthme et au diabète juvénile chez des enfants d’âge scolaire.
Can J Commun Ment Health, 18 (1999), pp. 123-144
[40.]
M.V. Barrio, M.A. Cerezo.
CBCL-Achenbach. Escala de problemas infantiles en población española.Varones 6-11 años.
Perspectivas en el desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación para la infancia, pp. 193-197
Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
Download PDF
Idiomas
Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?