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Vol. 54. Issue 2.
Pages 160-164 (1 February 2001)
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Vol. 54. Issue 2.
Pages 160-164 (1 February 2001)
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Bacteriemias verticales: ¿tratar o no tratar?
Vertically transmitted bacteriemias: to treat or not to treat?
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R. López Almaraz
Corresponding author
edomenec@ull.es

Correspondencia: Dr. R. López Almaraz. Asiria, 40, ático. 38320 La Cuesta. Tenerife.
, M.aJ. Hernández González, E. Doménech Martínez
Servicio de Neonatología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. La Laguna. Tenerife
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Objetivo

Analizar la incidencia, etiología y tratamiento posterior de los recién nacidos en 1997 diagnosticados de bacteriemia vertical y sospecha de sepsis.

Material y métodos

El total de recién nacidos en dicho período fue de 2.365. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los diagnosticados de bacteriemia y se dividieron en dos grupos: a) bacteriemias verticales, según las recomendaciones del Grupo Castrillo, y b) sospechosos de sepsis, por hemocultivo y datos analíticos indicativos de infección, pero sin síntomas. Se analizaron el peso al nacimiento, sexo, edad gestacional, factores de riesgo de infección neonatal, sintomatología, datos de laboratorio de infección y microorganismo causal. Posteriormente, se analizó la evolución clinicoanalítica de los tratados y los no tratados.

Resultados

Se diagnosticaron 10 bacteriemias verticales (incidencia de 4,2 × 1.000 recién nacidos vivos) y 17 sospechas de sepsis (7,18 3 1.000 recién nacidos vivos). Todos presentaron factores de riesgo de infección neonatal, el más frecuente fue la rotura prolongada de membranas (≥ 18 h), por lo que se realizó detección de sepsis (hemograma, proteína C reactiva a las 12 y 36-48 horas de vida y hemocultivo). En ambos grupos, el microorganismo más frecuente aparecido fue Estreptococcus agalactiae, y fue el causante del 30% de las bacteriemias y del 41,2% de la sospecha de sepsis. Se trataron a todos los sospechosos de sepsis y dos de las bacteriemias verticales sin incidencias, las otras ocho no tratadas se siguieron clinicoanalíticamente durante un año manteniéndose asintomáticos en todo momento.

Conclusiones

El germen más frecuente en las bacteriemias, como en las sepsis verticales, fue S. agalactiae.

Ninguno de los pacientes no tratados desarrolló sepsis tardía ni meningitis. Ante los resultados obtenidos, se aporta una nueva justificación para no tratar las bacteriemias, manteniendo un seguimiento clínico estrecho.

Palabras clave:
Bacteriemia vertical
Sospecha de sepsis precoz
Streptococcus agalactiae
Objective

To analyze the incidence, etiology and management of infants born in 1977 with vertically transmitted bacteriemia or suspected early onset neonatal sepsis.

Patients and methods

The total number of newborn infants in this period was 2,365. We revised the clinical histories of the infants diagnosed with bacteriemia and classified them into two groups: a) those with vertically transmitted bacteriemias, according to the recommendations of the Castrillo Group, and b) those with suspected early onset neonatal sepsis in whom blood culture was positive and analytical data suggested bacterial infection but who showed no clinical symptoms of vertically transmitted sepsis. Birthweight, sex, gestational age, risks factors for neonatal infection, clinical signs and laboratory tests suggestive of bacterial infection and microbiological agents were analyzed. The clinical and analytical evolution of the treated and untreated newborn infants was studied.

Results

Ten newborn infants were diagnosed with vertically transmitted bacteriemia (an incidence of 4.2 × 1,000 live newborn infants) and 17 were diagnosed with suspected early onset neonatal sepsis (7.8 × 1,000 live newborns). All the infants had risk factors for neonatal sepsis. The most common of these was prolonged membrane rupture (≥ 18 hours) due to which sepsis screening was carried out (hemogram, C-reactive protein at 12 and 36-48 hours of life, and blood culture). In both groups the most commonly isolated microorganism was group B streptococcus, which was found in 30 % of vertically transmitted bac-teriemias and in 41.2 % of suspected early onset neonatal sepsis. All the newborn infants with suspected sepsis and two with vertically transmitted bacteriemia were treated without incident. The remaining eight infants with untreated vertically transmitted bacteremia were followed-up clinically and analytically for one year, and remained asymptomatic.

Conclusions

The most common microorganism in vertically transmitted bacteriemia and suspected early onset neonatal sepsis was group B streptococcus. None of the untreated infants developed late sepsis or meningitis. Our findings suggest that non-treatment of asymptomatic infants with vertically transmitted bacteriemias is appropriate as long as close clinical surveillance is maintained.

Key words:
Vertically transmitted bacteriemias
Suspected early onset neonatal sepsis
Group B streptococcus
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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