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Vol. 55. Issue 4.
Pages 335-338 (1 October 2001)
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Vol. 55. Issue 4.
Pages 335-338 (1 October 2001)
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Asociación entre el consumo de heroína durante la gestación y anomalías estructurales de los cilios respiratorios en el período neonatal
Aassociation between heroin consumption in pregnancy and structural abnormalities of the respiratory cilia in newborn infants
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A. Mur Sierraa,
Corresponding author
17028@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Sección de Neonatología. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. P.° Marítimo, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona.
, M.a Viñolas Tolosaa, C. Sánchez García Vaoa, A.C. García Lópeza, R.M.a Busquets Mongea, O. García Algara, J. Lloreta Trullb, R. Bargués Cardelúsc
a Sección de Neonatología. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
b Servicios de. Anatomía Patológica. Hospital del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
c Servicios de. Otorrinolaringología. Hospital del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
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Objetivo

Describir las anomalías estructurales de los cilios respiratorios en los recién nacidos hijos de gestantes consumidoras de heroína durante todo el embarazo o parte de él.

Pacientes y método

Se revisan retrospectivamente las historias de 295 recién nacidos hijos de madres consumidoras de heroína durante toda la gestación o parte de ella y atendidas en elHospital del Mar de Barcelona desde enero de 1982hastadiciembre de 1997. Se seleccionaron 7 recién nacidos quehabían presentado distrés respiratorio neonatal prolongado más allá de la duración del síndrome de abstinencia dedrogas y estudiados mediante la microscopia electrónicade las muestras obtenidas del raspado de la mucosa nasal.

Resultados

Los 7 recién nacidos afectados de distrés respiratorioneonatal prolongado presentaban anomalías ultraestructurales del axonema ciliar compatibles con las del síndrome del cilio inmóvil o discinesia ciliar primaria. La incidencia de estas anomalías en hijos de gestantes consumidoras de heroína durante toda o parte de la gestación en esta serie es superior a la de la población general.

Conclusiones

Estos resultados hacen sospechar que el consumo de heroína por la gestante afecta la ultraestructura ciliar de los recién nacidos, manifestándose clínicamente como distrés respiratorio neonatal prolongado.

Palabras clave:
Heroína
Gestación
Cilio respiratorio
Distrés respira-torio neonatal
Recién nacido
Objective

To describe structural abnormalities of the respiratory cilia in newborn infants whose mothers consumed heroin during pregnancy.

Patients and method

The medical records of 295newborn infants whosemothers consumed heroin either throughout or at sometime during pregnancy and who were cared for inHospital del Mar in Barcelona (Spain) between January 1982 and December 1997 were reviewed. Seven infants with neonatal respiratory distress after the withdrawal syndrome period were selected. Diagnoses were established by electron microscopy of nasal mucosa samples.

Results

All seven newborns with prolonged neonatal respiratory distress had ultrastructural abnormalities of the ciliary axoneme similar to those of primary ciliary dyskinesia or immotile cilia syndrome. The incidence of this alteration in this series was higher than that in the general population.

Conclusions

These data suggest a possible association between ultrastructural abnormalities of the ciliary axoneme and prolonged neonatal respiratory distress in the infants of heroin-consuming mothers.

Key words:
Heroin
Pregnancy
Respiratory cilia
Neonatal respira-tory distress
Newborn
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