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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 208-211 (1 March 2002)
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Vol. 56. Issue 3.
Pages 208-211 (1 March 2002)
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Artritis sépticas causadas por Streptococcus pneumoniae
Septic Arthritis due to Streptococcus Pneumoniae
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J.M. Sánchez Granados, A. Malalana Martínez
M.aI. González Tomé, P. Carreño Guerra, L. Molina Esteban, E. Giangaspro Corradi, J.T. Ramos Amador
Corresponding author
jramos@hdoc.insalud.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.T. Ramos Amador. Sección de Inmunodeficiencias. Ctra. de Andalucía, km 5,4. 28041 Madrid.
Sección de Inmunodeficiencias. Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital Materno-Infantil 12 de Octubre. Madrid.
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Antecedentes

Streptococcus pneumoniae es una causa poco documentada de artritis infecciosa. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir nuestra experiencia con 5 casos de artritis neumocócica a lo largo de 14 años.

Métodos

Se revisaron de manera retrospectiva las historias clínicas correspondientes a artritis de etiología infecciosa recogidas en nuestro centro entre enero de 1986 y diciembre de 2000, excluyendo el período neonatal y los pacientes con postoperatorio inmediato, analizando los casos de etiología neumocócica.

Resultados

De las 39 artritis sépticas documentadas microbiológicamente, cinco (12,8%) correspondieron a infección neumocócica. Cuatro de los pacientes eran menores de 15 meses. En cuatro existió fiebre sin focalidad como antecedente y en uno de ellos otitis media como enfermedad asociada a bacteriemia. La localización más frecuente fue la cadera en 4 casos y en uno resultó afectada la rodilla. La radiología simple no mostraba alteraciones en tres de los casos, en tanto que la ecografía resultó patológica en cuatro de ellos. El diagnóstico etiológico se estableció en 1 caso mediante aislamiento en el hemocultivo y líquido sinovial, en 1 caso mediante hemocultivo, en dos se demostró la presencia de neumococo en el líquido articular y en 1 caso mediante la detección de antígeno de neumococo en orina. De los cultivos positivos, 2 casos tenían susceptibilidad disminuida a penicilina (concentración mínima inhibitoria [CMI], 0,125-1 mg/l) y todos resultaron sensibles a cefotaxima Se realizó drenaje quirúrgico en todos los casos de afectación de la cadera. En ningún caso la enfermedad evolucionó con secuelas.

Conclusiones

En nuestra experiencia, el neumococo es una causa que debe tenerse en cuenta de artritis séptica, que afecta prinprincipalmente a niños menores de 15 meses y con localización frecuente en la cadera. El cultivo del líquido fue el método con mayor rentabilidad diagnóstica. Un alto porcentaje de cepas tienen susceptibilidad disminuida a penicilina. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoces se acompañan de un buen pronóstico articular.

Palabras clave:
Streptococcus pneumo
Artritis séptica
Resistencia a penicilina
Enfermedad neumocócica invasora
Introduction

There are few reports of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of septic arthritis. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with five documented cases of pneumococcal arthritis over 14 years.

Methods

The medical histories of infectious septic arthritis in our center between January 1986 and December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. Cases of pneumococcal etiology were analyzed while those occurring in the neonatal and immediate postoperative periods were excluded.

Results

Among the 39 documented cases of septic arthritis, 5 (12.8%) were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Four of the patients were younger than 15 months old. Fever without localizing signs as an antecedent was present in four patients; of these, one patient had concurrent otitis media. The most common localization was the hip (four patients) and the knee (one patient). In three patients simple radiology showed no abnormalities while in four ultrasonography showed abnormalities. Etiologic diagnosis was established by isolation of S. pneumoniae from blood culture and synovial fluid (one patient), from blood culture (one patient), from synovial fluid (two patients), and by detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine (one patient). Of the germs isolated, two showed reduced susceptibility to penicillin (CMI = 0.125-1 mg/l) and all were susceptible to cefo-taxime. Open drainage was performed in all patients with hip involvement. None of the patients presented sequelae.

Conclusions

In our experience, S. pneumoniae should be taken into account as a cause of septic arthritis that mainly affects children younger than 15 months. The hip was the most frequently involved joint. Joint fluid culture was the method providing the best diagnostic yield. A high proportion of strains are not susceptible to penicillin. Early diagnosis and management lead to a good prognosis.

Key words:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Septic arthritis
Penicillin resistance
Invasive pneumococcal disease
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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