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Vol. 54. Issue 5.
Pages 444-449 (1 May 2001)
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Vol. 54. Issue 5.
Pages 444-449 (1 May 2001)
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Anticuerpos antifosfolípido en población pediátrica asintomática
Antiphospholipid antibodies in asymptomatic pediatric patients
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C. Aguilar Francoa,
Corresponding author
caraguilar@excite.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Hematología. Hospital General del INSALUD. P.° de Santa Bárbara, s/n. 42002 Soria
, J.F. Lucía Cuestab
a Servicio de Hematología. Hospital General del INSALUD. Soria
b Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Miguel Servet. Zaragoza
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Antecedentes

El hallazgo de alargamientos del tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activado (TTPA) con criterios de anticoagulante lúpico (AL) es un hecho poco frecuente en niños asintomáticos que con frecuencia precede a ciertos tipos de cirugía y posee un comportamiento clínico benigno.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha realizado un análisis de las características biológicas y clínicas de 13 niños con anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (APLA) (media de edad al diagnóstico 5 años) diagnosticados entre enero de 1996 y septiembre de 2000 a los que se realizó un seguimiento prospectivo (mediana, 16 meses; extremos, 15-60). Se realizaron determinaciones de AL por técnicas coagulométricas según los criterios de la International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) y anticuerpos anticardiolipina (ACA) y anti-β2-glucoproteína I por enzimoinmunoanálisis (ELISA).

Resultados

Todos los casos de anticoagulante lúpico estudiados se diagnosticaron tras investigación de un alargamiento del TTPA detectado con anterioridad a cirugía (adenoidectomía, 8 casos; orquidopexia, 1 caso; cirugía oftalmológica, 1 caso), asociado a alguna infección vírica (mononucleosis infecciosa, 1 caso) o como hallazgo casual en una analítica de rutina (2 casos). Todos ellos eran de tipo primario y un 53,6 % tuvieron carácter transitorio. Los ACA-IgG, anti-β2-glucoproteína I fueron negativos en todos los casos. El 30,7% presentaron valores ligeramente reducidos de factor XII:C (media, 38,2 U/dl). El diagnóstico de APLA no se vio acompañado de manifestaciones clínicas relacionadas con éstos ni tampoco se comunicó hemorragia posquirúrgica en ningún caso.

Conclusiones

Los APLA primarios representan un hallazgo poco frecuente en la población pediátrica asintomática que se ha descrito con relativa frecuencia en el preoperatorio de determinados tipos de cirugía (adenoidectomía y amigdalectomía) o infecciones víricas. Con frecuencia se trata de fenómenos transitorios, de muy escasa relevancia clínica y que pueden acompañarse de valores ligeramente reducidos de factor XII, por lo que debe establecerse el diagnóstico diferencial con el déficit leve de ese factor.

Palabras clave:
Anticoagulante lúpico
Anticuerpos antifosfolípidos
Niños
Background

Findings of prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and lupus anticoagulant are rare in asymptomatic children and are often preceded by certain types of surgery. Clinical behaviour is usually favorable.

Patients and methods

We assessed the biological and clinical features of antiphospholipid antibodies found in 13 children diagnosed between January 1996 and September 2000 (mean age at diagnosis: 5 years). The patients were prospectively followed- up for a median of 16 months (range: 15-60). The diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant was based on the guidelines of the International Society of Thrombosis and Hematosis and included coagulation-based assays as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anticardiolipin and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I.

Results

In all patients lupus anticoagulant was detected after investigation of prolonged APTT prior to surgery (adenoidectomy in eight patients, orchidopexy in one and eye surgery in one). The antibody was associated with infectious mononucleosis in one patient and was detected during routine laboratory investigations in two. All antibodies were primary and 53.6 % of events were transient. In all patients lupus anticoagulant IgG and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I were negative. Slightly reduced factor XII:C plasma concentrations (mean: 38.2 UI/dl) were found in 30.7 % of the patients. No clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid symptoms were associated with the diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibodies and none of the patients experienced bleeding after surgery.

Conclusions

Primary antiphospholipid antibodies were infrequent in asymptomatic pediatric patients and were typically associated with certain types of surgery (adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy) or viral infections. They were usually transient and clinically irrelevant. These antibodies may be associated with slightly reduced plasma concentrations of factor XII and consequently a differential diagnosis with a mild factor XII deficiency should be considered.

Key words:
Lupus anticoagulant
Antiphospholipid antibodies
Children
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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