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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 345-351 (1 October 2003)
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Vol. 59. Issue 4.
Pages 345-351 (1 October 2003)
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Anomalías renales congénitas en neonatos con reflujo vesicoureteral fetal. Detección con gammagrafía renal-99mTc-DMSA
Congenital renal abnormalities in neonates with fetal vesicoureteral reflux. detection by 99m-technetiumm-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy
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A. Orsolaa,
Corresponding author
annaorsola@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Clínica Plató-Fundació Privada. Plató, 21. 08006 Barcelona. España.
, G.M.a Fraga Rodríguezb, J. Parra Rocac, M. Estorch Cabrerad, E. Monserrat Esplugase, J.M.a Garat Barredoa, G. Ginovart Galianab, J. Cubells Rierob
a Grupo de Uronefrología Pediátrica del Departamento de Urología Fundació Puigvert.
b Servicios de Pediatría Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP). Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB). Barcelona. España
c Servicios de Ginecología Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP). Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB). Barcelona. España
d Servicios de Medicina Nuclear Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP). Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB). Barcelona. España
e Servicios de Radiología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP). Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB). Barcelona. España
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Antecedentes

El reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) "fetal" se caracteriza por una preponderancia masculina, reflujo de alto grado y anomalías parenquimatosas renales, estableciéndose una asociación entre RVU estéril y lesión renal

Objetivos

Determinar, mediante gammagrafía renal con 99m tecnecio ácido dimercapto-succínico (99mTc-DMSA), la incidencia de anomalías renales congénitas en lactantes con RVU detectado posnatalmente por hidronefrosis prenatal o por cribado familiar, y especular sobre los mecanismos de acción de estas lesiones

Métodos

Se han revisado retrospectivamente las gammagrafías renales de lactantes con RVU y sin antecedentes de infección del tracto urinario (ITU), considerando anomalías renales: captación diferencial menor o igual al 40 % o presencia de defectos corticales. Los hallazgos gammagráficos se han correlacionado con los de la ecografía posnatal

Resultados

Dieciocho pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; 15 niños y 3 niñas con RVU grado V, IV, III y II en 5, 10, 6 y 6 de las 36 unidades renales. La gammagrafía mostró alteraciones parenquimatosas en el 50 % (9/18) de los pacientes y el 33 % (9/27) de las unidades renales refluyentes; la mayoría fueron niños (7 niños, 2 niñas) con RVU de GV o GIV (6/9; 66 %). La sensibilidad de la ecografía posnatal para detectar signos de lesión renal fue baja (22 %)

Conclusiones

Lactantes con RVU estéril, especialmente varones con RVU de alto grado, pueden presentar ya al nacimiento anomalías parenquimatosas renales, lo cual sugiere una etiopatogenia congénita de lesión renal independiente de la ITU. Estos defectos identificados por gammagrafía con frecuencia no son detectados en la ecografía posnatal. Por ambos motivos recomendamos la gammagrafía renal DMSA en la evaluación inicial de lactantes con RVU fetal

Palabras clave:
Reflujo vesicoureteral
Infección urinaria
Riñón
99mtecnecio ácido dimercapto-succínico
Medicina nuclear
Background

"Fetal" vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by predominance among males, high grade reflux and renal parenchymal abnormalities, indicating an association between sterile VUR and kidney lesions

Objectives

To determine, using technetium99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) renal scan, the incidence of congenital renal abnormalities in infants with sterile VUR detected during the postnatal evaluation of prenatal hydronephrosis or sibling reflux screening and to speculate on the mechanisms of these lesions

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the DMSA renal scans of infants with VUR without a history of urinary tract infection (UTI). DMSA differential uptake less than or equal to 40% or cortical defects were considered as renal abnormalities. The findings were correlated with those of postnatal renal ultrasonography

Results

Eighteen patients (15 boys and 3 girls) were included with VUR grade V, IV, III and II in 5, 10, 6 and 6, respectively, of the 36 renal units. DMSA revealed parenchymal abnormalities in 50 % (9/18) of the patients and in 33% (9/27) of the renal units with VUR; most of the patients were boys (7 boys, 2 girls) with VUR grade V or IV (6/9; 66 %). Postnatal ultrasonography showed low sensitivity (22 %) to renal injury

Conclusions

In infants with sterile VUR, especially boys with high grade VUR, kidney abnormalities can already be present at birth suggesting a pathophysiology of renal injury independent of UTI. Moreover, renal parenchymal defects detected by DMSA renal scan are frequently not identified by postnatal renal ultrasound. Therefore, we recommend DMSA scanning in the initial evaluation of infants with VUR

Key words:
Vesicoureteral reflux
Urinary tract infection
Kidney
Technetium99m dimercaptosuccinic acid
Nuclear medicine
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Pediatría
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