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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 550-554 (1 June 2004)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 550-554 (1 June 2004)
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Alternativas terapéuticas en el fracaso intestinal
Therapeutic alternatives in intestinal failure
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J.M. Moreno Villaresa,
Corresponding author
jmoreno.hdoc@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: Unidad de Nutrición Clínica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Ctra. de Andalucía, km 5,400. 28041 Madrid. España
, M.aJ. Galiano Segoviab, P. Urruzuno Telleríab, P. Gomis Muñozc
a Unidad de Nutrición Clínica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
b Sección de Gastroenterología Infantil. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
c Servicio de Farmacia. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
M. León Sanz
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Antecedentes

La nutrición parenteral prolongada es eficaz en el tratamiento del fracaso intestinal. Paralelamente asistimos al desarrollo de programas de trasplante intestinal con resultados esperanzadores. El reto de elegir una u otra forma de tratamiento dependerá del balance entre ventajas e inconvenientes de ambas posibilidades. Bajo estas premisas se analiza la evolución de nuestros pacientes con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) por fracaso intestinal

Métodos

Consideramos fracaso intestinal cuando se precisó nutrición parenteral más de 5 meses. Se revisó la indicación, la evolución y la idoneidad como candidato a trasplante en los 14 niños incluidos en el programa de NPD desde 1993

Resultados

Cinco de los 14 pacientes recibieron NPD por causas distintas del fracaso intestinal. De los otros nueve, cuatro padecían una grave alteración de la motilidad; tres un síndrome de intestino corto y dos una diarrea intratable del lactante. Todos serían potenciales candidatos para trasplante intestinal. En cinco niños fue posible suspender la nutrición parenteral por conseguir adaptación intestinal entre 2 meses y medio y 13 meses desde el inicio de la NPD. Una paciente falleció por falta de accesos venosos. Tres pacientes continúan actualmente con NPD

Conclusión

La rehabilitación intestinal constituye la mejor opción para pacientes con fracaso intestinal. La NPD constituye el mejor tratamiento provisional en espera de la adaptación intestinal. El trasplante intestinal debería reservarse para aquellos pacientes que presenten complicaciones graves asociadas a la NPD. Sin embargo, podría considerarse como alternativa para quienes dependen indefinidamente de NPD. Ambas técnicas, NPD y trasplante deben considerarse tratamientos complementarios

Palabras clave:
Fracaso intestinal
Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria
Trasplante intestinal
Síndrome de intestino corto
Background

Long-term parenteral nutrition is effective in the treatment of intestinal failure. Equally, the results of intestinal transplantation (IT) are promising. The choice of one or other form of treatment depends on the balance between the advantages and disadvantages of each. Based on these premises, we analyzed the outcome of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for intestinal failure in our patients

Methods

Intestinal failure was considered when parenteral nutrition was required for more than 5 months. In the 14 patients included in the HPN program since 1993, we reviewed the indication of HPN as well as their suitability for IT

Results

Five of the 14 patients received HPN for causes other than intestinal failure. Of the remaining nine patients, four had severe motility disorder, three had short bowel syndrome, and two had protracted diarrhea of infancy. All these patients would be potential candidates for IT. Five patients were weaned off HPN because of intestinal adaptation between 2.5 and 13 months after starting HPN. One patient died because of lack of venous access. Three patients currently continue on HPN

Conclusion

Intestinal rehabilitation constitutes the best option for patients with intestinal failure. HPN offers the best interim treatment while waiting for adaptation. IT should be reserved for those patients with severe complications due to HPN. Nevertheless, it may become a real option for those with indefinite HPN. HPN and IT should be considered as complementary treatments

Key words:
Intestinal failure
Home parenteral nutrition
Intestinal transplantation
Short bowel syndrome
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