Abuso sexual en la infancia: prevención de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual

García Algar, O.; Mur Sierra, A.

doi:10.1016/S1695-4033(01)77525-X

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)

ISSN: 2341-2879

The Spanish Pediatric Association (Asociación Española de Pediatría, AEP) has as one of its main objectives the dissemination of rigorous and up-to-date scientific information on the various areas of pediatrics. Annals of Pediatrics is an open access journal that serves as the Association's Scientific Expression Organ and constitutes the vehicle through which members communicate. Annals of Pediatrics publishes, in English and Spanish, original research papers on pediatrics, as well as review articles prepared by experts in each specialty, and guidelines or positioning documents prepared by the different Societies/Specialized Sections integrated into the Spanish Pediatric Association. The journal, a reference for Spanish-speaking pediatrics, is indexed in the most important international databases: Index Medicus/Medline IBECS, IME, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citations Report, Embase/Excerpta Medica, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Indexed in:

Index Medicus/Medline IBECS, IME, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citations Report, Embase/Excerpta Medica, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

En el caso de un niño que sufre un abuso sexual hay que establecer un protocolo de actuación. Existe un riesgo de infección por diferentes microorganismos causantes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS): virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y C (VHC) y de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), gonococo, Chlamydia trachomatis, sífilis, virus del herpes simple, vaginosis bacteriana, papillomavirus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Pediculus pubis. Por lo tanto, hay que poner en marcha un seguimiento con controles serológicos periódicos hasta 1 año después del abuso y debe aplicarse la profilaxis postexposición frente a algunas de estas enfermedades. Además, en las niñas que han tenido la menarquia, debe iniciarse una contraconcepción de urgencia.

Abuso sexual:

Profilaxis postexposición

Enfermedades de transmisión sexual

Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana

Contraconcepción

When a child suffers from sexual abuse clinical guidelinesmust be established. There is a risk of infection from the following agents responsible for sexually transmitted diseases: the hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus, bacterial vaginosis, papillomavirus, Trichomonas vaginalis and Pediculus pubis. Therefore, a follow-up with periodic serological monitoring for 1 year and immunoprophylaxis or chemoprophylaxis for some of these diseases should be started. Postpuberal girls should receive emergency contraception.

Key words:

Sexual abuse

Postexposure prophylaxis

Sexually transmitted diseases

Human immunodeficiency virus

Contraception

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