Elsevier

Vaccine

Volume 26, Supplement 7, 23 December 2008, Pages G5-G10
Vaccine

Microbiology of otitis media: A moving target

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.006Get rights and content

Abstract

The microbiology of acute otitis media (AOM) is linked to the nasopharyngeal commensal flora. This respiratory ecosystem undergoes various selective pressures, such as antibiotic consumption and vaccine use. Socio-economic conditions also influence the bacterial composition of the nasopharynx. Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and group A Streptococcus are the leading causes of bacterial AOM worldwide. This paper will discuss the causes and consequences of recent shifts in the underlying microbiology of AOM.

Keywords

Acute otitis media
Microbiology
Nasopharynx

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