Original ArticleAssociations among Calcium Intake, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Body Fat in a Multiethnic Sample of Children
Section snippets
Methods
A sample (n = 315; 53% male) of European American (n =122), African American (n = 107) and Hispanic American (n = 86) children, 7 to 12 years of age, were recruited. The children were pubertal stage ≤3 as assessed by a pediatrician (according to Marshall and Tanner),21 healthy, and not taking medications known to affect body composition. Parents and children provided consent/assent, respectively, after receiving the protocol by study personnel. The protocol was approved by the Institutional
Results
The Table represents participant characteristics for the total sample and stratified by sex. Boys were significantly older than girls (P < .05), had higher total lean mass, and had higher REE (P < .01), whereas girls tended to have higher total fat mass (P = .0678). However, there was no difference in BMI percentile between the sexes. Males had higher energy intake than girls (P < .05) but there was no sex difference in calcium intake.
Figure 1 illustrates the overall relationships between
Discussion
The relationships observed herein contribute insight into the inconsistencies reported by other studies investigating the relationships among dietary calcium, REE, and body fat. Consistent with our results, a randomized, controlled crossover study of 9- to 10-year-old children reported that milk consumption induced greater REE and thermic effect of food after 6 days of supplementation relative to supplementation with a sugar-only beverage.10 Conversely, in a study evaluating calcium intake and
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Cited by (0)
Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R01-DK067426, M01-RR-00032, P30-DK-56336, CA-47888, M01-RR-00032 P60-DK-079626. A.W. and M.C. were supported by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention and Control Training Program (NIH CA-47888). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.