Pathology
Mycobacterium lentiflavum—A Cause of Infections in the Head and Neck: Case Report and Literature Review

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Report of a Case

A 5-year-old boy presented to Accident and Emergency at Morriston Hospital, Swansea, with a swelling in the left submandibular region. It was suspected to be a periapical infection caused by a heavily filled lower left second deciduous molar and was treated with amoxicillin for 2 weeks. The swelling failed to resolve so the child was referred to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, where he presented with a 2-week history of a firm swelling in the left submandibular region. There was no history of

Discussion

Cervical lymphadenitis is the most common manifestation of head and neck atypical mycobacterial infections.1 They were rarely reported before 1980 but their incidence has steadily increased to become one of the leading causes of cervical lymphadenitis.2 Some attribute this rise to an increased incidence of immune suppression.3, 4, 5 Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections predominate in countries with lower incidence of tuberculosis. Other frequent NTM infections include pulmonary

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