Reviews and feature article
Response to infections in patients with asthma and atopic disease: An epiphenomenon or reflection of host susceptibility?

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.056Get rights and content

Associations between respiratory tract infections and asthma inception and exacerbations are well established. Infant respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections are known to be associated with an increased risk of asthma development, and among children with prevalent asthma, 85% of asthma exacerbations are associated with viral infections. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. Is the increase in severity of infections an epiphenomenon, meaning respiratory tract infections just appear to be more severe in patients with underlying respiratory disease, or instead a reflection of altered host susceptibility among persons with asthma and atopic disease? The main focus of this review is to summarize the available levels of evidence supporting or refuting the notion that patients with asthma or atopic disease have an altered susceptibility to selected pathogens, as well as discussing the biological mechanism or mechanisms that might explain such associations. Finally, we will outline areas in need of further research because understanding the relationships between infections and asthma has important implications for asthma prevention and treatment, including potential new pathways that might target the host immune response to select pathogens.

Key words

Asthma
viral infections
bacterial infections
allergy
allergic rhinitis
atopic disease
immune function
immune system

Abbreviations used

RSV
Respiratory syncytial virus
TLR
Toll-like receptor

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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: T. V. Hartert has received grants from the National Institutes of Health, has received consulting fees from the Merck Scientific Advisory Committee, has received fees for participation in review activities for the MedImmune Scientific Advisory Board for the REPORT study, and is employed by Vanderbilt University. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.

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