Research LettersUltraviolet B and blood pressure
References (5)
- A Malabanan et al.
Redefining vitamin D insufficiency
Lancet
(1998) - DA McCarron et al.
The calcium deficiency hypothesis of hypertension
Ann Intern Med
(1987)
Cited by (446)
Association of time spent in outdoor light and genetic susceptibility with the risk of type 2 diabetes
2023, Science of the Total EnvironmentTo explore the joint association of time spent in outdoor light and genetic susceptibility with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 395,809 individuals of European ancestry with diabetes-free at baseline in the UK Biobank were included. Time spent in outdoor light on a typical day in summer or winter was obtained from the questionnaire. T2D genetic risk was quantified via the polygenic risk score (PRS) and divided into three levels based on tertiles (lower, intermediate, and higher). T2D cases were ascertained according to the hospital records of diagnoses. After the median follow-up of 12.55 years, the association of outdoor light time and T2D risk demonstrated a nonlinear (J–shaped) trend. Compared to individuals with an average of 1.5–2.5 h/day of outdoor light, individuals who spent <1.5 h/day or >2.5 h/day in outdoor light both had an elevated risk of T2D, and the risk of T2D related to <1.5 h/day outdoor light time was much higher (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 1.15). After combining with PRS, in comparison with the lower PRS – average 1.5–2.5 h/day outdoor light group (reference), the higher PRS – <1.5 h/day outdoor light group had the highest T2D risk (HR = 2.74, 95 % CI: 2.55 to 2.94), the higher PRS – >2.5 h/day outdoor light group also had a higher risk of T2D (HR = 2.58, 95 % CI: 2.43 to 2.74). The interaction between average outdoor light time and genetic susceptibility for T2D was statistically significant (Paverage for interaction <0.001). We found that optimal outdoor light time may modify the genetic risk for T2D. This suggests the T2D risk related to genetic factors could be prevented by spending optimal outdoor light time.
Adverse effect propensity: A new feature of Gulf War illness predicted by environmental exposures
2023, iScienceA third of 1990-1 Gulf-deployed personnel developed drug/chemical-induced multisymptom illness, “Gulf War illness” (GWI). Veterans with GWI (VGWI) report increased drug/exposure adverse effects (AEs). Using previously collected data from a case-control study, we evaluated whether the fraction of exposures that engendered AEs (“AE Propensity”) is increased in VGWI (it was); whether AE Propensity is related to self-rated “chemical sensitivity” (it did); and whether specific exposures “predicted” AE Propensity (they did). Pesticides and radiation exposure were significant predictors, with copper significantly “protective”—in the total sample (adjusted for GWI-status) and separately in VGWI and controls, on multivariable regression. Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress (OS) underlie AEs from many exposures irrespective of nominal specific mechanism. We hypothesize that mitochondrial toxicity and interrelated OS from pesticides and radiation position people on the steep part of the curve of mitochondrial impairment and OS versus symptom/biological disruption, amplifying impact of new exposures. Copper, meanwhile, is involved in critical OS detoxification processes.
Relationship of serum vitamin D deficiency with coronary artery disease severity using multislice CT coronary angiography
2021, Clinica e Investigacion en ArteriosclerosisTo assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severity of coronary artery disease using multislice CT coronary angiography.
100 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease during multislice CT coronary angiography were subjected to full evaluation of coronary artery disease severity followed by measurement of serum vitamin D level.
The mean value of serum vitamin D level was 13.35 ± 7.49 ng/ml. 76% of the patients had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml). 41% of the patients had single vessel disease, 28% had two vessel diseases, and 31% had multi-vessel disease. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had higher degree of coronary stenosis, higher coronary Ca score (p < 0.001) and higher number of affected vessels compared with normal vitamin D level subgroup (p < 0.001). Vitamin D level showed a significant negative correlations with age (r = −0.290, p = 0.003), coronary Ca score (r = −0.630, p < 0.001) and severity of coronary lesions. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that dyslipidemia and vitamin D level were independent predictors of percent severity of coronary stenosis.
In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, vitamin D deficiency looks to be independent predictor of coronary artery disease severity including percent stenosis, number of the affected vessels as well as degree of coronary calcification.
Evaluar la relación entre el déficit de vitamina D y la gravedad de la arteriopatía coronaria mediante angio-TAC coronaria multicortes.
Cien pacientes con diagnóstico de arteriopatía coronaria durante la realización de angio-TAC multicortes fueron sometidos a evaluación completa de la gravedad de la enfermedad tras la medición del nivel de vitamina D sérico.
El valor medio del nivel de vitamina D sérico fue de 13,35 ± 7,49 ng/ml. El 76% de los pacientes tenían déficit de vitamina D (<20 ng/ml). El 41% de los pacientes tenía afectado un único vaso, y el 28% tenía afectados dos vasos, y el 31% tenía afectados múltiples vasos. Los pacientes con déficit de vitamina D tenían un mayor grado de estenosis coronaria, mayor puntuación de Ca coronario (p < 0,001) y un mayor número de vasos afectados en comparación con el subgrupo con un nivel normal de vitamina D (p < 0,001). El nivel de vitamina D reflejó correlaciones negativas significativas con la edad (r = −0,290, p = 0,003), puntuación de Ca coronario (r = −0,630, p < 0,001) y gravedad de las lesiones coronarias. El análisis de regresión lineal multivariante reflejó que la dislipidemia y el nivel de vitamina D eran factores predictivos independientes del porcentaje de gravedad de la estenosis coronaria.
Además de los factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular, el déficit de vitamina D parece ser un factor predictivo independiente de la gravedad de la arteriopatía coronaria incluyendo el porcentaje de estenosis, el número de vasos afectados y el grado de calcificación coronaria.
Blue laser-induced selective vasorelaxation by the activation of NOSs
2021, Microvascular ResearchPhototherapy has been tried for treating cardiovascular diseases. In particular, ultraviolet and blue visible lights were suggested to be useful due to their nitric oxide (NO)-production ability in the skin. However, the effects of blue light on the arterial contractility are controversial. Here, we hypothesized that appropriate protocol of blue laser can induce selective vasorelaxation by activating vasodilating signaling molecules in arteries. Using organ chamber arterial mechanics, NO assay, Matrigel assay, and microarray, we showed that a 200-Hz, 300-μs, 445-nm pulsed-laser (total energy of 600 mJ; spot size 4 mm) induced selective vasorelaxation, without vasocontraction in rat mesenteric arteries. The laser stimulation increased NO production in the cord blood-endothelial progenitor cells (CB-EPCs). Both the laser-induced vasorelaxation and NO production were inhibited by a non-selective, pan-NO synthase inhibitor, L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester. Microarray study in CB-EPCs suggested up-regulation of cryptochrome (CRY)2 as well as NO synthase (NOS)1 and NOSTRIN (NOS trafficking) by the laser. In conclusion, this study suggests that the 445-nm blue puled-laser can induce vasorelaxation possibly via the CRY photoreceptors and NOSs activation. The blue laser-therapy would be useful for treating systemic hypertension as well as improving local blood flow depending on the area of irradiation.
Vitamin D and cardiovascular health
2021, Clinical NutritionThe principal source of vitamin D in humans is its biosynthesis in the skin through a chemical reaction dependent on sun exposure. In lesser amounts, the vitamin can be obtained from the diet, mostly from fatty fish, fish liver oil and mushrooms. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/dl, should be supplemented. Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent global problem caused mainly by low exposure to sunlight. The main role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. However, vitamin D receptors are found in most human cells and tissues, indicating many extra-skeletal effects of the vitamin, particularly in the immune and cardiovascular (CV) systems. Vitamin D regulates blood pressure by acting on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Its deficiency has been associated with various CV risk factors and appears to be linked to a higher mortality and incidence of CV disease (CVD). Several mechanisms have been proposed relating vitamin D deficiency to CV risk factors such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, abnormal nitric oxide regulation, oxidative stress or altered inflammatory pathways. However, in the latest randomized controlled trials no benefits of vitamin D supplementation for CVD have been confirmed. Although more work is needed to establish the protective role of vitamin D in this setting, according to current evidences vitamin D supplements should not be recommended for CVD prevention.
DO-HEALTH: Vitamin D3 - Omega-3 - Home exercise - Healthy aging and longevity trial - Design of a multinational clinical trial on healthy aging among European seniors
2021, Contemporary Clinical TrialsDO-HEALTH is a multi-center clinical trial among 2157 community-dwelling European men and women age 70 and older. The 2x2x2 randomized-control factorial design trial tested the individual and additive benefit, as well as the cost-effectiveness, of 3 interventions: vitamin D 2000 IU/day, omega-3 fatty acids 1000 mg/day (EPA + DHA, ratio 1:2), and a 30-minute 3 times/week home exercise (strength versus flexibility). Each treatment tested has shown considerable prior promise from mechanistic studies, small clinical trials, or large cohort studies, in the prevention of common age-related chronic diseases, but definitive data are missing. DO-HEALTH will test these interventions in relation to 6 primary endpoints (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, non-vertebral fractures, Short Physical Performance Battery score, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and risk of infections), plus several secondary endpoints explored in ancillary studies (i.e. rate of any falls and injurious falls, joint pain, oral health, quality of life, and incident frailty). As the 3 interventions have distinct mechanisms of action for each of the 6 primary endpoints, a maximum benefit is expected for their additive benefit as a “multi-modal” intervention. The trial duration is 3 years with in-person contacts with all participants at 4 clinical visits and by quarterly phone calls. Baseline and follow-up blood samples were collected in all participants to measure changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and poly-unsaturated fatty acid concentrations. Our objective was to test interventions that are expected to promote healthy aging and longer life expectancy and that can be easily and safely implemented by older community-dwelling adults.