Sistema factor de necrosis tumoral y leptina en la enfermedad celíaca

Blanco Quirós, A.; Arranz Sanz, E.; Garrote Adrados, J.A.; Oyágüez Ugidos, P.; Calvo Romero, C.; Alonso Franch, M.

doi:10.1016/S1695-4033(01)77666-7

Información del artículo

Objetivo

Los enfermos celíacos presentan malnutrición y una gran anorexia. La leptina es un importante factor anorexígeno estrechamente relacionado con el índice de masa corporal (IMC). El objetivo fue estudiar la leptina sérica en la enfermedad celíaca y su posible acción sobre el apetito, compararla y relacionarla con el factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF), que tiene funciones similares.

Métodos

La leptina y el receptor I de TNF (TNF-R-I) se midieron mediante enzimoinmunoanálisis (ELISA). Se analizaron 65 sueros de enfermos celíacos (28 varones y 37 mujeres). En todos los casos se practicó simultáneamente biopsia intestinal y se determinaron anticuerpos antiendomisio. Estaban en actividad 29 casos y 36 en remisión.

Resultados

Los valores de leptina estaban disminuidos en la fase de actividad de la enfermedad celíaca (p = 0,002), lo que no apoya su participación sobre la anorexia y la desnutrición del paciente celíaco. Durante la remisión de la enfermedad celíaca la leptina se relaciona con el IMC (p = 0,001), pero en la fase activa se rompe esta relación habitual. En la fase aguda también se rompe la diferencia entre sexos, y son similares los valores en varones y mujeres. El TNF-R-I se detectó en todos los sueros y mostró una elevación significativa durante la fase aguda (p = 0,0003) lo que parece indicar una activación del sistema TNF en la enfermedad celíaca.

Conclusiones

La leptina está disminuida durante la fase activa de la enfermedad, y se pierde su habitual correlación con el IMC y el sexo femenino. Los resultados señalan que no participa en la anorexia y la desnutrición de la enfermedad celíaca y, sin embargo, sí podría hacerlo el sistema TNF.

Palabras clave:

Enfermedad celíaca

Índice de masa corporal

Leptina

Factor de necrosis tumoral

Anorexia

Objective

Patients with coeliac disease (CD) present anorexia and malnutrition. Leptin is a significant anorexigenic factor, with a close relationship to the body mass index. The aims of this study were to asses serum leptin levels in CD and their possible influence on appetite, as well as to compare and relate leptin with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity, which has similar functions.

Methods

Leptin and TNF receptor-1 (TNFr-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sixty-five serum samples from patients with CD (28 boys and 37 girls) were analyzed. In all patients, small bowel biopsy and anti-endomysium determination were performed simultaneously. Twenty-nine patients presented active CD and 36 were in remission.

Results

Leptin concentrations were reduced in active CD (p = 0.002). In patients in remission, leptin was related to the body mass index (p = 0.001), but this correlation was not found during the active phase of the disease. Contrary to normal differences between sexes, in active CD leptin levels were similar in boys and girls. TNFr-1 was found in all serum samples and levels were statistically higher in patients with active CD (p = 0.0003), suggesting that the TNF system is activated in this disease.

Conclusions

Leptin concentrations were reduced in active CD, but we did not find the usual positive correlation with body mass index and higher concentrations in girls. These results suggest that leptin does not contribute to anorexia and failure to thrive in patients with CD; in contrast, the TNF system might be involved.

Key words:

Coeliac disease

Body mass index

Leptin

Tumor necrosis factor

Anorexia

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Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por Pharmacia Spain, S.A.

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